A fairy ring, also known as fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms, in his case Marasmius oreades. The
body of this fungus, its mycelium, is underground. It grows outward in a
circle. As it grows, the mycelium uses up all of the nutrients in the
soil, starving the grass. This is the reason a fairy ring has dead grass
over the growing edge of the mycelium. Umbrella-shaped fruiting bodies,
called mushrooms, spring up from just behind the outer edge of the
mycelium.