The world’s oldest mummies buried more than 7,000 years ago in the arid desert of
northern Chile are being turned into black slime by climate change.

Scientists
have found that growing humidity can cause an explosion of bacteria
living on the preserved skin of the Chinchorro mummies.The bacteria then
feeds on the ancient skin, causing it to break down into a black slime. Photo credit: Vivien Standen

Birthmarks

In many parts of the world birthmarks are believed related to the thoughts and actions of the mother. They are called voglie in Italian, antojos in Spanish, and wiham in Arabic, all of which translate to “wishes,” because of the assumption that birthmarks are caused by unsatisfied wishes of the mother during pregnancy.

For example, if a pregnant woman does not satisfy a sudden wish or craving for strawberries, it is said that the infant may bear a strawberry birthmark; if she desires wine and does not satisfy the wish, a port-wine stain birthmark may result; if the desire for coffee is not satisfied, café au lait spots my result.

In Dutch, birthmarks are called moedervlekken, in Danish modermærke and in German Muttermal (mother-spots) because it was thought that an infant inherited the marks solely from the mother. In Iranian folklore, it is said that a birthmark appears when the pregnant mother touches a part of her body during a solar eclipse. Some beliefs hinge on “maternal impressions” — birthmarks and birth defects appearing when an expectant mother sees something strange or experiences profound emotional shock or fear.